China's Carbon Fiber
Ir-riċerka dwar l-industrija tal-fibra tal-karbonju fiċ-Ċina tista 'tiġi rintraċċata lura għas-snin sittin.
However, until 2000, the industrialization of carbon fiber has not been realized, and due to the long-term development of carbon fiber preparation technology in China, various research units gradually began to have insufficient confidence. RD personnel from all walks of life have avoided the word "carbon fiber". At this time, it is the most difficult trough period for the localization and research and development of carbon fiber materials.
F'dan l-isfond, is-Sur Shi Changxu, xjenzat strateġiku u akkademiku tal-Akkademja tax-Xjenzi Ċiniża u l-Akkademja tax-Xjenzi Ċiniża, ħa t-tmexxija fid-diskussjoni tal-industrijalizzazzjoni tal-fibra tal-karbonju fl-2000.
At the beginning of 2001, the teacher sent a "request report on accelerating the development of high-performance carbon fiber" to the Party Central Committee. In October 2001, the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China decided to set up a special project on carbon fiber key technologies, code-named 304 special project.
Minn dakinhar, iċ-Ċina daħlet uffiċjalment fil-korsija mgħaġġla ta 'riċerka u żvilupp indipendenti tal-fibra tal-karbonju...
Il-fibra tal-karbonju kif issir popolari barra l-pajjiż?
Fl-aħħar tas-seklu 19, l-Ingliżi Joseph Swan u l-Amerikan Thomas Edison ivvintaw filament tal-karbonju fit-tfittxija ta 'filamenti mtejba tal-bozoz tad-dawl. Għalkemm dan il-filament tal-karbonju kien sostitwit b'filamenti tat-tungstenu orħos dak iż-żmien, dan il-materjal fibruż karbonizzat issa huwa meqjus bħala l-aktar prodott bikri tal-fibra tal-karbonju.
Edison
Fl-iżvilupp storiku sussegwenti, il-filament tal-karbonju dejjem ġie kkunsidrat bħala falliment tal-ottimizzazzjoni tal-filament, u ma rċievax attenzjoni fl-industrija u l-produzzjoni.
Until that magical organization, NASA, appeared on the stage of history, this new type of aerospace material with high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength and low density was reconnected to modern civilization and was named "carbon fiber".
Just as diapers, air-cushioned shoes, and dehydrated vegetables have all moved from NASA to the civilian field, carbon fiber, as the "new love" found by NASA in the material industry, is naturally valued by various companies to see if it can be the first. A person who eats crabs is the first to seize the market and make a fortune.
As a result, the United Carbon Compound Company UCC entered the carbon fiber development industry, and in 1959 developed the world's first listed viscose-based carbon fiber material Thornel-25.
Dak iż-żmien, matul il-Gwerra Bierda bejn l-Unjoni Sovjetika u l-Istati Uniti, bdew diversi tiġrijiet għall-armi. Jekk għandek ajruplan, jien se mmur l-univers, u jekk inti tmur l-univers, jien se mmur fil-qamar. Bħala materjal b'rendiment eċċellenti fl-oqsma aerospazjali u militari, il-fibra tal-karbonju intużat ħafna wkoll.
L-ewwel bniedem fuq il-qamar: Armstrong
Peress li l-Istati Uniti jeħtieġ, allura hemm il-Ġappun magħmul.
At that time, Japan, as the largest "trophy" of the United States in World War II, also began active research on carbon fiber.
In fact, UCC's Thornel-25 is actually not perfect. The technological name of carbon fiber was synonymous with banknotes in the 1950s. According to the price of gold at that time, carbon fiber of the same quality was more expensive than gold. The high cost of proper black gold became the biggest pain point of carbon fiber at that time.
Fl-1961, Akio Shinto tal-Laboratorju Industrijali ta 'Osaka vvinta b'suċċess it-teknoloġija għall-preparazzjoni ta' fibri tal-karbonju bbażati fuq polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-.
Shinto Akio
Preċedentement, ir-rendiment tal-karbonizzazzjoni tal-fibri bbażati fuq il-viscose-tan-NASA kien relattivament baxx, 20 fil-mija biss. Jiġifieri, wara li 100 kg ta 'fibra bbażata fuq il-viscose-jiġi karbonizzata, jistgħu jinkisbu biss 20 kg ta' fibra tal-karbonju.
Skont il-formula molekulari tal-viscose, il-proporzjon tal-atomi tal-karbonju huwa ta 'madwar 44 fil-mija, iżda fil-proċess ta' karbonizzazzjoni, nofs l-atomi tal-karbonju jirreaġixxu ma 'ossiġnu, idroġenu u nitroġenu. Dan jirriżulta wkoll fil-prestazzjoni aktar baxxa tal-fibra tal-karbonju bbażata fuq il-viscose-, li mhix sodisfaċenti.
Akio Jindo uża PAN biex ikollu l-karatteristiċi ta 'stabbiltà termali wara pre-ossidazzjoni, jiġifieri, matul il-proċess ta' karbonizzazzjoni, l-attività kimika tal-atomi tal-karbonju tal-fibri PAN mhix għolja, u l-atomi tal-karbonju jistgħu jkunu tajjeb miżmuma.
Facts have proved that Kondo Akio's judgment is correct. The carbonization yield of the process route he developed is between 50-60 percent , and the performance is far superior to viscose-based fibers. The conversion rate has risen, and the price has naturally fallen. Since then, PAN has quickly replaced viscose-based carbon fibers. Now the share of viscose-based carbon fibers is less than 10 percent , while PAN-based carbon fibers account for more than 80 percent of the share.
Bit-teknoloġija tal-preparazzjoni tal-ewwel-idejn tal-prekursur tal-polyacrylonitrile, Toray kien minn ta' quddiem nett fil-preparazzjoni tal-fibra tal-karbonju.
Subsequently, in 1971, Japan's Toray Company (Toray, English name 'Toray Industries, Inc) cooperated with United Carbon Compounds of the United States to produce T300 carbon fiber, and achieved mass production of 1 ton/month at that time.
Subsequently, Toray Company continued to upgrade the quality of carbon fiber along the T300, T800, T1000, and pioneered the addition of carbon fiber materials to sporting goods such as rackets, fishing rods, golf clubs, etc., which became a sought-after product in the sporting goods industry. Japan's Toray also rose to fame, becoming the world's largest manufacturer of carbon fiber materials.